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Sains Malaysiana 54(1)(2025): 93-108 http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5401-08
Analisis Kinetik bagi Segmen Bahagian Pinggiran Atas Badan semasa Melakukan Aktiviti Kehidupan Harian
(Kinetic Analysis of Upper Extremity
Segment during Activities of Daily Living)
HASYATUN
CHE-NAN1,2 & AZMIN SHAM RAMBELY2,*
1Jabatan Matematik dan Sains Komputer, Kolej Poly-Tech MARA Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 21 Julai 2024/Diterima: 13 September 2024
Abstrak
Pembangunan
model biomekanik untuk mendapatkan nilai kilasan dapat membantu mencegah kecederaan daripada berlaku. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan model biomekanik bahagian atas badan yang merangkumi lengan atas, lengan bawah dan tangan untuk mendapatkan nilai kilasan sendi bahu, siku dan pergelangan tangan semasa melakukan aktiviti menyentuh bahu kontra lateral, mencapai suis dan menyikat rambut. Seterusnya, model biomekanik ini disahkan melalui perbezaan antara nilai sudut uji kaji dengan nilai sudut anggaran menggunakan kaedah berangka, Runge-Kutta peringkat kelima. Selain itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan nilai kilasan semasa melakukan tiga aktiviti kehidupan harian. Kajian ini melibatkan 20 orang subjek normal dalam lingkungan umur 24-56 tahun dengan purata berat badan 72.9±16.5 kg. Aktiviti pergerakan dirakam menggunakan Vicon
Nexus 1.8.1 (Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, England) dengan kadar frekuensi 100 Hz. Melalui rakaman ini, data kinematik seperti tempoh masa pergerakan, sudut, halaju dan pecutan sudut sendi diperoleh.
Nilai kilasan sendi diramal berdasarkan model anggota bahagian atas badan dengan menggantikan data kinematik ke dalam persamaan dinamik songsang yang diterbitkan menggunakan kaedah Kane. Pengesahan pemodelan menggunakan kaedah Runge-Kutta peringkat kelima Butcher bagi memperoleh semula nilai sudut anggaran menggunakan nilai kilasan yang telah dianggarkan. Peratusan ralat relatif telah dihitung dan didapati ia tidak terlalu besar dengan nilai 0.038% bagi nilai sudut bahu dan 0.019% bagi nilai sudut siku. Oleh itu, dapat disimpulkan bahawa data sudut uji kaji dan data sudut anggaran adalah sepadan. Seterusnya, nilai kilasan dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian satu hala (ANOVA). Hasil kajian mendapati tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan pada semua parameter kinetik bagi ketiga-tiga aktiviti yang dikaji. Oleh itu, kajian kinetik ini membantu memperoleh pemahaman tentang biomekanik pergerakan menerusi nilai kilasan, yang seterusnya menyumbang kepada kemajuan dalam teknik pemulihan dan reka bentuk ergonomik.
Kata kunci: Analisis kinetik; anggota badan bahagian atas; kilasan; mencapai suis; menyentuh bahu kontra lateral; menyikat rambut
Abstract
The
development of this model aims to obtain torque values that help prevent
injuries from occurring. Thus, this study aims to develop a biomechanical model
for the upper limb, which includes the upper arm, forearm, and hand, to obtain
torque values for the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints during daily activities
touching the contralateral shoulder, reaching for a switch, and combing hair.
Subsequently, this biomechanical model is validated by comparing the
differences between the experimental angle values and the estimated angle
values using the fifth-order Runge-Kutta numerical
method. In addition, this study is conducted to analyze and compare the kinetic data values while performing three daily activities.
The study included 20 normal subjects in the age range of 24-56 years old, with
an average body weight of 72.9±16.5 kg. The activity was recorded using the
Vicon Nexus 1.8.1 (Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, England) system with a
frequency rate of 100 Hz. Through this recording, kinematics data such as
movement time, angles, velocity, and angular acceleration of upper limb joints
were obtained. Torque joint values were derived using the Kane’s method which
was based on the upper extremity model by applying the kinematics data to the
inverse dynamic equation. Furthermore, Butcher’s fifth-order Runge-Kutta method was used to determine the estimated angle
value using the already determined torque. The relative error percentage was
calculated and found that it was not too large, with values of 0.038% for the
shoulder angle and 0.019% for the elbow angle. Therefore, it was concluded that
the experimental angle data and the estimated angle data are consistent. The
data were then analyzed using a one-way analysis of
variance (ANOVA). The results indicated there is no significant differences in
any of the kinetic parameters for all three analyzed activities. Therefore, this kinetic study can help us gain some insights into
the biomechanics of movement using torque value, which later will improve
rehabilitation techniques and ergonomic design.
Keywords: Hair
combing; kinetic analysis; reaching switch; torque; touching contralateral
shoulder; upper extremity
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